Basic French Vocabulary Medical Help and Illnesses

Getting sick is never fun, but being in a foreign country and not being able to communicate your illness can definitely ruin your trip. Learn some French illness vocabulary so that you can communicate with French-speaking doctors, dentists, nurses, and pharmacists. Travelers who have specific illnesses or ailments, like allergies or diabetes, will want to memorize the phrases for that particular condition prior to traveling. It will ensure that you can get proper and prompt aid should an emergency arise. Note: Many of the words  below are linked to .wav files. Simply click on the link to listen to the pronunciation. How to Ask for Medical Help Lets begin with the simple words you will need when asking for help and the medical professionals you may need to call on. Should you have a medical emergency, you can call for help using one of these phrases. Emergency -  Urgence  ! Help! -  Au  secours !   When you need the attention of a medical professional, use one of these phrases. Begin each request with avoir besoin...  (to need...) and end it with the type of professional help you require. to need... avoir besoin... ... help ... daide ... a doctor ... dun mdecin ... a nurse ... un infirmier ... an ambulance ... dune ambulance ... a dentist ... un dentiste ... a pharmacist ... un pharmacien Medical Emergencies While traveling, medical emergencies can be very serious, particularly if you cannot speak the language. If you cannot tell someone what is wrong, it can lead to a feeling of helplessness and possible mistreatment. Be prepared by learning a few simple phrases. It may even be helpful to write down your condition and these phrases in French and have them in a convenient location, such as your wallet or bag. to have a heart attack avoir une crise cardiaque to have a stroke avoir une attaque to be in labor tre en travail to break ones arm, leg se casser le bras, la jambe Asthma People who have asthma should memorize these two lines as they can quickly convey your needs to the people around you. to have asthma tre asthmatique to need an inhaler avoir besoin dun inhalateur Diabetes Likewise, if you have diabetes, these French phrases are essential before you travel. to have diabetes tre diabtique to need sugar now avoir besoin de sucre immdiatement Blood Pressure If your blood pressure is a concern, it will not hurt to learn these phrases in French. Notice the subtle difference between high and low blood pressure. Blood pressure la tension arterielle to have high blood pressure faire de lhypertension to have low blood pressure faire de lhypotension Allergies Allergies are nothing to play around with, either. If you or someone youre traveling with has an allergy, you should know the French translation prior to your trip.   Are you allergic to certain foods?  Learn how to say that particular food in French and say it after à ªtre  allergique  Ãƒ   ...   This is also important while dining, so you can ask if, for instance, peanuts are an ingredient: Sont le arachides dans cette nourriture ? (Are peanuts in this food?) to be allergic to... tre allergique ... ... aspirin ... laspirine ... iodine ... liode ... penicillin ... la pnicilline Common Illnesses and Ailments The most common French verbs for describing illness are  avoir  and  Ãƒ ªtre. You will notice that some ailments use one or the other and that either can mean to be or to have. This first group uses the verb avoir... to have... avoir... ... arthritis ... de larthrite ... diarrhea ... la diarrhe ... an earache ... mal loreille ... a fever ... de la fivre ... the flu ... la grippe ... frostbite ... des engelures ... hangover ... la gueule de bois ... hay fever ... un rhume des foins ... a headache ... mal la tte ... heartburn ... des brlures destomac ... hemorrhoids (piles) ... des hmorrodes ... motion sickness ... le mal des transports ... a runny nose ... le nez qui coule ... sinusitis ... de la sinusite ... a stomachache ... mal lestomac ... a toothache ... mal aux dents Do you have an ache somewhere else? Learn the basic French words for various body parts. If you have any of these conditions, you will begin the sentence with  Ãƒ ªtre...  (to have...). to have... tre... ... insomnia ... insomniaque ... a cold ... enrhum You can describe a condition or symptom in French with these words. They are also preceded by  Ãƒ ªtre...  (to be...). to have... tre... ... constipated ... constip ... jet lagged ... fatigu d au dcalage horaire ... pregnant ... enceinte ... sick ... malade ... sunburnt ... brl par le soleil ... tired ... fatigu To describe how you are feeling or the following symptoms, begin with the verb  avoir...  (to be). to be... avoir... ... cold ... froid ... dizzy ... le vertige ... hot ... chaud ... seasick ... le mal de mer

The United States Government Surveillance Policy - 1567 Words

Ever since the American public was made aware of the United States government’s surveillance policies, it has been a hotly debated issue across the nation. In 2013, it was revealed that the NSA had, for some time, been collecting data on American citizens, in terms of everything from their Internet history to their phone records. When the story broke, it was a huge talking point, not only across the country, but also throughout the world. The man who introduced Americans to this idea was Edward Snowden. Born June 21, 1983, Edward Snowden was just a 29-year-old contractor for the NSA when he happened across the information (Harding, 2014). Acting on his morals and beliefs, he moved to educate the American public on their government’s activities. His decision to do so impacted the way the nation viewed government surveillance in the years to come. Growing up, Snowden’s principles were deeply influenced by his father. An active member of the U.S. military through his work in the Coast Guard, he was trained to dutifully uphold the Constitution, and instilled this same ideal in his son (Harding, 2014). Snowden had also always been good with computers. Although he lacked a college degree, he eventually got a job with the CIA in the Information Technology department due to his superior skill with a computer (CITE?). This title allowed him maximum security clearance, which later led to him discovering a problem within their system (CITE?). According to Harding, author of TheShow MoreRelatedMonitoring And Collection Of Phone Data1521 Words   |  7 PagesAll around the world, terrorism has become a serious issue and has struck fear into the hearts of many. In the United States, a debate has arisen about the monitoring and collection of phone data. It is a matter of privacy versus security; in order for the country to be more secure against terrorism, the public must give up some privacy in the form of phone data. Phone data should only be collected when it comes to serious threats to national security using a warrant provided by the judicial systemRead MoreThe Use Of Mass Surveillance On Civilians Conducted By The Members Of The Five Eyes Program1335 Words   |  6 Pagesargumentative essay, I am going to examine the use of mass surveillance on civilians conducted by the members of the Five Eyes program and prove that the program is not justifiable. I am going to argue that this project is an offence to the public because it violates international human rights. I will prove this argument by explaining how their procedures do not abide with the regulations set. I will address the objections made by government authorities defending their intentions, then I will negateRead MoreNational Security Vs. Digital Privacy1735 Words   |  7 Pagessecurity throughout the nation. By doing so, policies, procedures, and protocols would be amended for the sole purpose of protecting the country. Such alterations should be made because it prevents crime in a timely, reliable, and successful manner, whilst preserving the fundamental rights of all United States Citizens. In light of the controversy over national security versus digital privacy, the government should partake in international surveillance because it inhibits potential crime and terrorismRead More Twitter: Protecting User Privacy Essay1114 Words   |  5 Pagesof stories that bring attention to failures in surveillance policies over the past decade. Time after time we hear about how surveillance technology is digging deeper and deeper into our personal information and is infringing on our rights more and more. 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It provided a statutory framework for collection of foreign intelligence information through the use of electronic surveillance of communications of foreign powers or agents of foreign powers. However, the Congress amended the act in 1995 and 1999 to provide a statutory framework for gathering foreign intelligence information through the use of electronic surveillance, physical searches, pen registers or trap and trace devicesRead MoreModern Society In George Orwells Dystopian Novel 19841333 Words   |  6 PagesThis rather ‘desperate hope’ of recognition is seemingly becoming relevant to modern society. One might object and claim that the world Orwell portrays will never become a reality. Societies today would never let such false morals influence modern governments. However, the stark polarization that nations are currently seeing among their population understands these principles to be a concrete issue. As Nat Ware of TedX induces, â€Å"individuals are seduced into a way of life that conspires against theirRead MoreSurveillance And The Privacy Of The United States Government Surveillance1497 Words   |  6 PagesIn today’s society, countless surveillance methods are in place. These can range from simple cameras to high-tech home monitoring. Times have changed from the large cameras of the 1900s. Cameras can now be as small as a pin’ s needle. Full scale home protection systems use video surveillance to watch over the home 24 hours a day. While this is considered a great advancement in technology, the privacy of the people is a concern. Government surveillance is needed due to the terrorist threats,

The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald - 1292 Words

The book The Great Gatsby is often taught in high schools around the world. The book was written over 90 years ago, and despite that the book is still very common in high schools. The book if often used to show the beauty and relevance of the character Gatsby and other symbols within the book. The story of Gatsby is set in New York City and on Long Island, within two locations known as West Egg and East Egg. These areas would be the Great Neck and Port Washington peninsulas on Long Island, in real life. The story is set just after World War 1 and in the middle of prohibition, which is actually a big factor in the story as Gatsby makes his money bootlegging; selling illegal alcohol. Gatsby throws these huge grand parties every weekend in†¦show more content†¦This is very unfortunate and is not a good trend that is happening among high school English teachers. The Great Gatsby was published in 1925 and has become one of the biggest pieces of American fiction of its time. The b ook initially was not much of a success but over the years has become a classic piece of American fiction. The book shows how society was during the time in which the book was published. It is because of this the book has become a good way to see how America was back in the 1920s. F. Scott Fitzgerald, the author of The Great Gatsby, is able to preserve how this generation’s political and social ways were during this very historic time period. Politically this time period was a time of growth and prosperity, along with being a time of corruption. World War 1 had ended in 1919, just before the time period that Fitzgerald’s book is in, and Warren G. Harding took presidency in 1920. One of Harding’s major goals was to bring the country back to normal; how it was before the war. Harding’s administration was full of scandals and corruption, and opposition that was fueled by unions and organized crimes. His administration used businesses to rebuild the country, after World War 1. Due to this the administration sided with management in labor disputes over things such as minimum wage, unions, and child labor. Tax legislation also benefited the wealthy more than any other social group as a result of

New Heritage Doll Company Capital Budgeting - 3236 Words

New Heritage Doll Company: Capital Budgeting In mid-September of 2010/ Emily Harris, vice president of New Heritage Doll Companys production division, was weighing project proposals for the companys upcoming capital budgeting meetings in October. Two proposals stood out based on their potential to strengthen the divisions innovative product lines and drive future growth. However, due to constraints on financial and managerial resources, Harris knew it was possible that the firms capital budgeting committee would decline to approve both projects. She also knew that New Heritages licensing and retail divisions would promote compelling projects of their own. Consequently, Harris had to be prepared to recommend one of her projects over†¦show more content†¦New Heritages capital budget was set by the board of directors in consultation with top officers, who in turn sought input from each of the divisions. The capital and operating budgets were linked; historically, the capital budget comprised approximately 15% of the compa nys EBITDA. The committee had limited discretion to expand or contract the budget, according to its view of the quality of the investment opportunities, competitive dynamics, and general industry conditions. Ð . К. Ð’ Before being considered by the committee, projects were described, analyzed, and summarized in self-contained proposal documents prepared by each division. These contained business descriptions, at least five years of operating and cash flow forecasts, spending requirements by asset category, personnel requirements, calculations of standard investment metrics, and identification of key project risks and milestones. -5 Financial Analyses Financial analysis began with operating forecasts developed with oversight from New Heritage operating managers. Revenue projections were derived from forecasts of future prices and volumes. Fixed and variable costs were estimated separately, by expense category. Forecasts of working capital requirements were likewise vetted by line managers, who paid particular attention to a projects requirements for various types of inventory. Forecasts for fixed assets and related depreciationShow MoreRelatedNew Heritage Doll Company : Capital Budgeting1321 Words   |  6 PagesNew Heritage Doll Company: Capital Budgeting The New Heritage Doll Company offered a unique line of dolls as an alternative to its competitors, and it wanted to extend its brand for future growth. The company has three operating divisions: production, retailing and licensing. All three divisions planned to promote projects of their own to compete for the same limited resources. Emily Harris, vice president of the production division, had to be prepared to select one of the two project proposalsRead MoreNew Heritage Doll Company: Capital Budgeting3226 Words   |  13 PagesNew Heritage Doll Company: Capital Budgeting In mid-September of 2010/ Emily Harris, vice president of New Heritage Doll Companys production division, was weighing project proposals for the companys upcoming capital budgeting meetings in October. Two proposals stood out based on their potential to strengthen the divisions innovative product lines and drive future growth. However, due to constraints on financial and managerial resources, Harris knew it was possible that the firms capital budgetingRead MoreThe New Heritage Doll Company : Capital Budgeting902 Words   |  4 PagesThe New Heritage Doll Company: Capital Budgeting Summary The New Heritage Doll Company was founded in 1985 by Ingrid Beckwith, a retired psychologist, who specialized in child development. 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The New Heritage Doll CompanyRead MoreCapital Budgeting Hbr2246 Words   |  9 PagesN F OR EG R OU ND R E A D IN G Finance: Capital Budgeting Company  and  Industry  Overview   The  New  Heritage  Doll  Company,  based  in  Sacramento,  California,  was  a  privately  held  company   with   450   employees   and   approximately   $245   million   in   fiscal   2009   revenues.   This   represented   approximately  8%  of  the  $3.1  billion  U.S.  doll  industry,  which  was  projected  to  grow  by  2%  annually   to  $3.4  billion  in  retail  sales  by  2013.  Ã‚  In  turn,  the  doll  industry  represented  a  7.4%  share  of  the  total   Read MoreDolls and New Heritage Doll3976 Words   |  16 Pagespresident of New Heritage Doll Company’s production division, was weighing project proposals for the company’s upcoming capital budgeting meetings in October. Two proposals stood out based on their potential to strengthen the division’s innovative product lines and drive future growth. 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The company has revenues of 245 million USD and an operating profit of 24 million USD. The company has three major divisions – The Retailing division, the Licensing division and the Production division. The head of the production division has to choose between two capital intensive projects that have been presented to her - the â€Å"Make My Doll

Environmental Concern Issues Free Essays

Did you ever think that something meant to aid in the advance of humans could be potentially fatal at the same time? What about a disease that was considered â€Å"dead†, resurfacing and killing unsuspecting people? What about the fact that we as human beings are ruining the only place for us to live, the earth? These questions sound outrageous, right? Wrong, these issues are considered environmental problems that we will soon face. These issues are very serious and many people have no idea that they even exist. To have problems and not even know about them is definitely grounds for destruction. We will write a custom essay sample on Environmental Concern Issues or any similar topic only for you Order Now We as a people, must look at the problems of antibiotic resistance, increasing diseases, weapons as wastes, and waste disposal and reduction and, if left unaddressed, these issues will become fatal problems in the near future. Many Americans get sick everyday; this usually warrants a trip to the doctor†s office. The doctor will usually examine the patient and prescribe an antibiotic. Antibiotics are being used as a way to solve medical problems. The heavy use of antibiotics is causing a threat to the population. They are so widely used and are beginning to become a contaminant in the environment. When used so frequently, antibiotics are found in the sewers, septic tanks, and even receiving waters. With antibiotics being so abundant in these places, the microbes here are now becoming resistant. With all of the sterilization and sanitation precautions, we would not expect to come in contact with these microbes. Reality is, we do. We come in contact with these microbes and sometimes become sick. Being sick means another trip to the doctor; only this time, the antibiotics that the doctor prescribes won†t work. This is due to the fact that the microbes that caused the sickness are resistant to the drugs, being that they are so abundant in microbe breeding grounds. In order to treat sickness, doctors must evaluate their patients more efficiently and choose other methods of treatment before they prescribe antibiotics. If the amount of antibiotics being released into the environment can be reduced, there won†t be a time when simple infections can†t be treated. Conditions that can†t be treated with antibiotics are called infectious diseases; they are on the rise and kill over 17 million people per year. The importance of this is that most dying are young. Young people are dying from recurring tuberculosis, and the AIDS epidemic. The reasons for these deaths are new strains of the viruses, increased poverty, declining public health measures and increased human contact. To halt the increase of the deaths, we must educate the public. If the symptoms, causes for, and methods of prevention are not taught to the public, they will continue to die unfounded deaths. Education and prevention are the only way that these diseases can be defeated. Weapons are contaminants of the environment also. The disposal of obsolete weapons is a problem being faced due to military tensions diminishing. Explosives, chemical weapons and nuclear weapons are being dumped into landfills and water bodies, causing contamination and posing serious health risks for those who come in contact with them. To prevent this, a way to dispose of these weapons without causing health risks must be developed. Until then, they must be kept out of everyone†s reach to prevent harm. Other contaminants include solid and toxic waste. With the increase of economy, comes the increase of waste. Waste is anything that is not desired by an organism; releasing waste into the environment causes health risks for all organisms. To reduce these risks, government regulation must be initiated. Recycling, reducing and reusing must also be executed. If not as much waste is produced or it can be reused, this problem may be decreased. All in all, to keep what we have and maybe improve it, antibiotics use must be reduced, infectious diseases must be prevented, weapons must be disposed of properly and we must reduce solid and toxic waste. These problems will be facing the population very soon and unless we are equipped with knowledge and know-how in these areas, we will suffer immensely from what can seem to be such simple problems. We must initiate defense mechanisms against these problems so that these â€Å"secret killers† do not kill us off. As the presidential election approaches, American citizens will be hearing many campaign speeches. It has been said that Vice President Albert Gore plans to address the issue of increased climate change in his campaign. With increased climate change, the population must be made aware of this issue; in addressing this potentially dangerous issue, there are some points that should be made to successfully get the point across. To successfully get this information out, the causes, influence, and possible ways to correct this problem must be addressed. The main cause of this issue is human behavior. With humans being a more advanced population, they also increase the production of a major climate-changing factor. This factor is the overproduction of greenhouse gases. Increased population, causes the increased production solid waste that is harmful to the environment. Fossil fuel burning is also a result of human behavior, which contributes to the production of the greenhouse gases. The overproduction of greenhouse gases is the immediate issue that must be addressed to increase knowledge of the increased climate change. The greenhouse gases are gases that are responsible for the heat trapping capability of the atmosphere of the earth. With a higher capability to trap heat, the temperature of the earth is greatly affected. Fluctuation in the temperature is the effect of human behavior and overproduction of the greenhouse gases. With the fluctuation of temperature, come the impacts of overproduction of the greenhouse gases. The impacts must also be addressed to acknowledge this problem. These impacts can be seen in raised sea levels, change in precipitation and change in local climate conditions. The temperature can also alter forests, crop yields and the water supply of the Americans. These alterations will then threaten human health conditions, harm birds and fish and cause imbalances in many other ecosystems. Along with animals being affected, it has been said that deserts may expand into rangelands and some National Parks may be affected. To better control this issue, some solutions must be planned and executed. The first step, must be the education of the population. With the threats of these human behaviors being known, governmental programs will be able to be implemented. These programs must include the encouragement of switching to carbon fuels and education of the causes, impacts and solutions of this problem. The development of reusable energy alternatives, solid waste reduction and recycling, as well as waste prevention are some effective solutions that should be put into play. The management of agricultural systems as well as energy efficiency could aid in the prevention and reduction of greenhouse gases. When these programs and ideas are put into play and discussed as solutions, this problem may be effectively addressed and eventually under control. To discuss the issues of climate change, the causes, influence on society and probable solutions must be addressed. In the upcoming months, the presidential candidates will need to address many issues; to address these issues and get the points across to Americans, effective presentation must be used. To effectively present the issue of climate change and almost any issue, the causes, the effects and the corrections to these problems must be addressed. If humans are able to cause such enormous problems, they must know be educated about them and must try to correct these problems, if humans are to survive as a population. How to cite Environmental Concern Issues, Essay examples

When a business makes a new pr... free essay sample

When a business makes a new product or service they need to think how they are going to distribute it and get it to the right customer. Many businesses now sell their products through retailer, this is called distribution channels. There are a number of factors to consider when deciding how to distribute their products. The availability of products is important because for instance if a customer wanted to buy a LG TV and they didnt have a LG store near them, they could simply look in stores like Currys PC World, Argos or Tesco because they always have most products in store. This allows LG to still sell their products despite not having it in their own store. Also it is cheaper for LG to sell their products at different retailers. When getting the product from the manufacturer to the customers, there are various ways the products can go through. The first method is going straight to the customer which is known as a direct channel, it can go to the retailer, which is usually owned by the manufacturer and then customers buy it from the retailer, this is known as a modern channel and the final method is going from a manufacturer to a wholesaler who will offer advice and then to a retail shop before it reaches a customer, this is method is known as a traditional channel. Some manufacturers decide to sell their products in bulk to a wholesaler, who will then distribute the products in smaller amounts to a retail store. This allows the product to reach a higher number of customers. Quite often wholesaler offer services such as labelling or packaging. As mentioned before, businesses have three options on how to distribute the products; straight to a customer, to the customer via retailers or to the customer via wholesalers and retailers. As for retail control of the supply chain there is own brands and eRetailing to be considered. Customer recognises the name of big brands like McDonalds or Tesco. That is because they have spent time thinking of the name and the design. Retailers offer their own brand products, such as Tesco value at a better price that the manufactures. ERetailing is about retails being able to promote and sell their products online. This has put retailers at an advantage because they are available 24/7 and there are a wider range of products online plus customers can see if items are in their local store and if not order it. Furthermore, the internet has given an opportunity to interact with the customers directly. Both of these factors are giving retailers a great advantage over manufacturers and wholesalers. Most retailers will need to think of extra provisions of the products in order to enhance their functions. Retailers like DFS or SCS will need to provide transport for the products to customers homes. If retailers use home delivery it put them at an advantage with their competitors. They would also have to think of the storage of the products, especially if they receive it in bulk; they need to have enough storage, having a warehouse or a stockroom. Having a stockroom is beneficial for both customer and the retailer because when customer wants something it is more likely to be in stock. After-sale service is important because retailers want to keep the relationship with the customer after the sale. Therefore it is crucial that the retail handles complaints or offer convenient delivery times. Moving on to the distribution process, retails must ensure that products are always available for the customers; to order to achieve that a retailer must have a well-functioning supply chain. The main purpose of the supply chain is to supply required goods to the customer. The chain starts at raw materials which go to a factory, and then it is kept in a warehouse, and then moved to a retailer and at the end it reaches the customer. To make sure the supply chain is efficient the stock availability must be improved and there has to be a wide choice of products. As retailers are expanding, goods must be moved within the UK as well as overseas. There are various types of transport used to distribute products; by rail; by road; by train; by air; by water; by container. Transporting via road and rail are most popular methods because it is efficient and cheaper. Moving products via rail is very efficient if it is planned well. The rail network is highly developed in the UK therefore it is very cheap to transport goods via trains. However, more time must be spent on planning the distribution to mainland Europe because the rail network is not as highly developed as it is in the UK is some parts of Europe. The most popular way of transportation is by road, in a van or a big truck there are a lot of options for companies to choose from. So practically saying the vehicle type is made to suit the type of product being transported. A very fast option to transport goods is by air, especially when transporting further away. However the cost is very high therefore businesses dont use this method much unless it is absolutely necessary. A totally opposite and a very slow but economical way is transporting by water. It is very slow and delays might be caused by weather condition or loading and unloading the goods. Last method that can be used to transport goods is by containers. They are very expensive to produce but have a high level of security therefore companies can rely on them. If the UK sources in the UK it is time efficient and cheaper. The further UKs retailer decided to source the more they will pay. However, making goods in China or Thailand is sometimes cheaper than making them in the UK because of the wages that employees get; so quite often big brands like Nike, Sony or Apple make their products in some western countries. Many large companies decide to have few suppliers so that they are never out of stock. The suppliers are categorised into four groups; manufactures; independent craftspeople; import sources; distributors. Picking up from the last paragraph, distributors or wholesalers as mentioned before, represent a company overseas. They purchase goods from different suppliers and then sell it in a retail store. Wholesaler should have financial strength to carry out stock levels; be in a market which they have distribution rights; be prepared for risk; be ready to buy in bulk to bring the transport cost down. The logistics process ensures that the products are available at the right quantity and at the right time. The management of the resources is responsible to keep stock levels balanced. There are various storage locations for products; warehouses which are able to store and receive large amount of products; distribution centres are similar to a warehouse but they can be bigger and they are part of the logistic process; stock rooms should be close to the retail stores because they are the first storing place for good and because they usually are fairly small, the space should be used to the maximum. The use of ICT has a major effect of the supply chain. It is essential that companies use ICT to develop supply chain relationships, decrease the response time, improve customer service or attain international standards. Distribution through eRetail straight to the customer must meet requirements; they need to be fast and efficient. In order to achieve that there are two methods to follow; store picking and having dedicated warehouses. Store picking happens at a lot of stores like Tesco now. It is basically employees doing customers shopping and picking the products from the shelf and after they are being delivered to the customer. The advantages of this method are short delivery distance and it is faster. There are some disadvantages as well and they include some products might be out of stock; the employee might get distracted by customers at the store or the capacity constraints. Dedicated warehouses are very important because big brands like Tesco or Asda need regular deliveries so they dont have products out of stock which might cause loss of customers. Last part of the distribution process is the grey market and non-conventional channels. The grey market follows the distribution channels that are unauthorised by the manufacturer. They products are not illegal but those companies have no relationship with the manufacturer.