Morbidity Associated Autogenious Bone Graft Health And Social Care Essay

The unwritten pit is an extension of the tegument mucosal barrier to the external environment. In the digestive piece of land, it may be viewed as the first battlefield for the organic structure ‘s attempts to keep homeostasis. This does non merely maintain homeostasis but besides keeps infection off from the vulnerable interior parts of the organic structure ( Ford, 2007 ) . Most unwritten complaints are non fatal but affect about every person during his and her life clip, as a effect ; hurting and uncomfortableness, outgo on intervention, loss of school yearss, productiveness and work hours, and some grade of societal stigma is high. These conditions trigger the necessity of acquiring a redress to control these effects. In the UK about 40 per centum of kids aged between 4 to 9 old ages have incidents of decay in their milk dentitions. In lasting dentition, â€Å" 55 per centum of 12 twelvemonth olds and 72 per centum of 15 twelvemonth olds had obvious decay. The demand for orthodontic or any interventions is besides related to societal factors. A larger proportion ( 25 per cent ) of 15 twelvemonth olds had unmet orthodontic intervention † ( Schropp 2003 ) . Schropp besides showed that â€Å" the demand for unmet orthodontic intervention was twice every bit high ( 26 per cent ) among 15 twelvemonth olds from everyday and manual backgrounds compared with kids from managerial and professional backgrounds ( 13 per cent ) † . Oral conditions are of import public wellness concerns because of their high prevalence, their badness, or public demand for services because of their impact on persons and society as a whole. Fundamental basic wellness and societal services are a human right and unwritten wellness is an of import constituent thereof, single unwritten wellness intervention options are non available to most people, with few unwritten wellness promoting and preventative options. All members of the community should hold a right of entree to basic unwritten wellness intervention services. Oral diseases are mostly preventable and hence unwritten wellness publicity and primary bar should be regarded with great importance. A celebrated research worker, Dan Ford ( 2007 ) showed that infection occurs when infective or timeserving micro-organisms infiltrate or penetrate the organic structure surface. In the unwritten or dental sphere, the organic structure surface is either the mucous membrane or the enamel dentine coverage of the implicit in soft tissues. Teeth, cheek cells, lingua crypts, tonsillar abnormalities, gingival penstock and other anatomical constructions are safe oasiss for microbic populations of the oral cavity. From these countries, bugs of changing virulency may emigrate and do infections such as tonsillitis, gingivitis, pericoronitis, fringy periodontal disease, dental cavities, pulpitis and apical periodontal disease. Pulp and per apical redness, the associated hurting and the effects of root canal infection remain important facets of dental medicine in the universe today. New cognition and penetrations that are being produced by the twenty-four hours provide for better intervention chances and excite farther research activities on this issue. The bar and control of apical periodontal disease has a solid scientific base, but the many fluctuations in the clinical manifestations of the disease still go forth proficient and biological jobs that need to be solved. Despite recent technological progresss in handling these diseases, grounds of better and improved result is still missing. Alternate intervention affecting implants is being promoted as being better and effectual, but the standards of rating of the result of the two signifiers of intervention are dissimilar ; hence there is no true grounds based comparing on the results. Implant Reconstruction of edentulous patients has been successful and predictable in most instances where there is an appropriate technique ; sufficient bone volume, equal bone quality, desired stuffs and desired bone location have been satisfactory ( Adell et al, 1990 & A ; Brinemark 1969, 1984 ) . Endosseous implant arrangement is the intervention of pick for reconstructing map and retracing edentulous countries of the upper jaw and mandible ( Jeffrey, 2009 ) . With the available high tech stuffs and expertness linked to the surgery affecting dental implants, this type of implant is the most embraced as the intervention of penchant. Surgery linked to this implants has been seen to develop with clip. However, initial stabilisation is frequently hard to accomplish in the upper jaw when the cortical bone is really thin or absent because of badly resorbed alveolar ridges. In the instance of pneumatized maxillary fistulas, the entire breadth and tallness of bone are frequently unequal f or initial stabilisation of the implant ( Hernandez, 2006 ) . Reconstruction of alveolar ridge lacks sometimes requires bone augmentation before the implant arrangement procedure. Osseous defects are besides seen to happen as a consequence of injury, prolonged edentulous, inborn anomalousnesss, periodontic disease, and infection, and they frequently require difficult and soft tissue Reconstruction. Autogenous bone transplants have been used for many old ages for ridge augmentation and are still considered the best available or the gilded criterion for jaw Reconstruction. The usage of autogenic bone transplants with osseointegrated implants originally was discussed by Branemark and his co-workers, who frequently used the iliac crest as the giver site. Other external giver sites include calvarium, rib, and shinbone. For fix of most localised alveolar defects. However, barricade bone transplant from the symphysis and ramus buccal shelf offer advantages over iliac crest transplants, including close propinquity of giver and receiver sites, convenient surgical entree, decreased giver site morbidity, and decreased cost ( Pikos,2005 ) . Many excess unwritten giver sites for implant Reconstruction have been investigated and described in the literature ( Mitchell, 1993 ) . However, the usage of excess unwritten giver sites involves extended surgery and requires hospitalization of the patient for rather some clip ( Lundgren, 1997 ) .Wood and Moore were the first to discourse securing autogenic bone from intraoral sites for maxillary grafting. The propinquity between giver and receiver sites and the decreased operative and anesthesia times are obvious advantages of utilizing bone transplants from an intraoral site. Donor site morbidity is one of several of import factors that must be considered when reaping bone. Other factors to take into history are the sum of bone required, the type ( cortical or cancellate ) of bone needed, the receiver site, and the expected biologic behaviour ( neovascularization and reabsorption ) . Block bone transplants harvested from the symphysis can be used for predictable bone augmentation up to 6 millimeters in horizontal and perpendicular dimensions. The scope of this cortical cancellate transplant thickness is 3 to 11 millimeters, with most sites supplying 5 to 8 millimeter ( Figs. 1 and 2 ) . Fig 1 Symphysis and ramus buccal shelf block transplants harvested from same mandible. Note comparative greater cortical thickness of the symphysis transplant. Fig 2 Fixation of symphysis and ramus block transplants The two anterior perpendicular blocks are from the symphysis ; the posterior block is from the ramus buccal shelf. Note giver sites. The usage of parietal bone as donor site was described for the first clip in 1890. Subsequently Dandy in 1929 and Tessier in 1982 normalized its usage. Cranial calvarium bone in block or milled has become of general usage for inlay and onlay grafting and other cranio-maxillofacial rehabilitative processs such as orbit floor Reconstruction and other different malformations and bone defects. In Implantology it is been used in sinus lift processs and as block bone transplant for many old ages ( Ituraea, 2004 and Hernandez, 2006 ) . Many writers highlight, minimum and slower reabsorption and a large presence of morfogenetic proteins ( BMPs ) as the advantages that possess donor sites of membranous ossification like the skullcap bone, versus those of endochondral beginning. After mensurating the size of the transplants required, a 3x4cm square is designed to obtain six transplant blocks ( 1x2cm each ) maintaining a safe distance of 2 centimeter from the coronal and sagittal suturas and the temporal graduated table. Jeffreys ( 2009 ) retrospectively analyzed the success rates of endosseous implant arrangement in distrait poetries autogenic bone transplant Reconstruction sites in a patient population at Loma Linda University. Implants placed in sites restored with autogenic bone transplant had an implant success rate of 97 % ( 178/ 184 ) , whereas implants placed in distrait bone sites had a success rate of 98 % ( 55/56 ) . In the autogenic grafted group, 3 implants failed in the buttocks mandible, 1 in the anterior upper jaw, 1 in the anterior mandible, and 1 in the posterior upper jaw. In the distraction group, 1 implant failed in the posterior lower jaw. Using 2-sample binomial proving with the significance degree at.05, no statistical difference in success rates between the autogenously grafted and distracted bone sites ( P 5.5686 ) was seen. With respect to the buttocks mandible, no statistical difference in success rates between autogenously grafted and distracted bone ( P 5.9282 ) was seen. Both techniques are associated with good success rates. There is no statistical difference between implant successes in autogenic bone poetries distracted bone transplant sites in our patient series. In Umea, University Sweden, Jaime and Stefan ( 2003 ) working with the patients who bone was harvested from their inframaxillary ramus, there were fewer postoperative symptoms instantly after the operation than with inframaxillary symphysis harvest home. Twenty-two of the 20 nine patients with symphysis transplants experienced reduced sensitiveness in the tegument innervated by the mental nervus 1 month after the operation. Five of the 20 four patients with ramus transplants experienced reduced sensitiveness in the vestibular mucous membrane matching to the excitations of the buccal nervus. Eighteen months after the surgery, 15 of the 20 nine patients in the symphysis group still had some decreased sensitiveness and presented with lasting altered esthesis. Merely one of the patients grafted from the inframaxillary ramus presented with lasting altered esthesis in the posterior vestibular country. No major complication occurred in the giver sites in any of the 53 patients. Complications associated with the receiver site include trismus, hemorrhage, hurting, swelling, infection, neurosensory shortages, bone reabsorption, dehiscence, and transplant failure. Trismus is expected if the receiver site is the posterior lower jaw, which affects the musculuss of chew. Incidence is 60 % and is transeunt. Bone hemorrhage is expected secondary to site readying ( decortication and perforation ) , but inordinate hemorrhage can happen secondary to intrabony and soft tissue vas transection. Pain, puffiness, and contusing are mild to chair and are minimized with thrombocyte rich plasma. There are consecutive phases on how to put an implant ; First pre-implantologic surgical phase: Graft harvest home and maxillary Reconstruction. The operation in the giver site is performed under general anaesthesia and rhinal cannulation, in the right side ( non really dominant ) of the parietal distinction, to obtain the monocortical grafting stuff. Second surgical phase: Implant arrangement. This phase is performed 7 months after the grafting phase, under the usage of local anaesthesia. Third surgical phase In this stage we want to accomplish clear entree to the implants and conditioning of the peri-implants soft tissues to guarantee adequate keratinized motionless gingival. Finally, after the soft tissue healing, upper upper jaw is rehabilitated with porcelain bonded implant supported prosthetic devices and mandible with a metal rosin implant supported fix and complete arch, by utilizing a semi adjustable. The intent of this thesis will hence be, to measure two intraoral giver sites, the inframaxillary symphysis and the go uping inframaxillary ramus, with respect to their morbidity and frequence of complications after executing harvest home processs. In add-on to this, it will foreground ; indicants, restrictions, pre surgical rating, surgical protocol together with complications associated with inframaxillary block autoplasties harvested from the symphysis and ramus buccal shelf for alveolar ridge augmentation. Although the handiness of the inframaxillary symphysis country seems to be better than that of the inframaxillary ramus, a greater sum of bone with higher denseness and more cortical content can be harvested with less morbidity and fewer complications from the ramus. Bradley, ( 2007 ) outlines some of the many different techniques that exist for effectual bone augmentation. The attack is mostly dependent on the extent of the defect and specific processs to be performed for the implant Reconstruction. It is most appropriate therefore to use the usage of an evidenced based attack when a intervention program is being developed for bone augmentation instances. Clarizio ( 2002 ) established that Bone grafting techniques for alveolar ridge Reconstruction prior to dental implant arrangement have developed greatly with clip. He adds that autogenic bone grafting has many advantages over other techniques, but is non without hazards and possible complications, including lesion dehiscence, infection, partial or entire loss of the bone transplant, and donor site morbidity In his statement Clevero, ( 2003 ) asserts that the encountered troubles can be with perpendicular and horizontal ridge augmentation by agencies of bone grafting techniques that can be often limited to soft tissue tolerances and bone transplant reabsorption. Since the bone has its ain embryologic growing there is a superior healing ability that can ne'er do any malformation. Despite this there are techniques that can convey about the formation of castanetss and tissues. Alveolar distraction osteogenesis is a surgical technique that encourages creative activity of new bone and soft tissue through incremental prolongation of osteal sections. â€Å" Alveolar distraction offers advantages over traditional bone grafting techniques. An addition in alveolar bone tallness and attendant addition in vestibular alveolar mucous membrane is a consequence of gradual bone distraction. Minimal periosteal denudation is utilised, as the conveyance section is little † ( Clarizio, 2002 ) . Most o f these procedures wholly depend on the stableness of the bone section together with O tenseness. The full healing procedure 1000, is determined by the procedures taking topographic point that is if it is an implant or a transplant. Bone augmentation technique employed to retrace these different ridge defects and is dependent on the horizontal and perpendicular extent of the defect. rehabilitative processs are less favourable in defects Conversely, as it is put by Schropp ( 2003 ) immediate arrangement of implants into extraction sockets with a horizontal defect dimension ( distance from bone to engraft ) & lt ; 2 millimeter is conformable to predictable partial defect fill by appositive bone growing, without barrier membranes that exhibit horizontal and perpendicular constituents. A Heterograft is a transplant or tissue graft from different species an illustration of this is a transplant signifier a human being to a monkey. This is the recommended replacement to autogenious grafting. Xenografting in human existences provide a likely redress to stop phase failure of organic structure functionality. Equally much as this helps there are a figure of negative effects caused by these transplants. An illustration of this is that transplants from other species may hold a shorter lifetime since tissues have different ageing phases. Another affair of concern is the permanent changes in an person ‘s familial codification. A survey was done by ( Clarizo, 2002 ) to find the effects of losing dentitions in complete dental plate wearers. This was conducted by using Oral Health Impact Profile. Harmonizing to Clarizo this was besides done to: Compare the cogency of 49 and 14 point versions of OHIP in a dental plate have oning population. In a cross sectional survey, informations were collected at Newcastle Dental Hospital, UK where two groups were involved: ( 1 ) topics edentulous in one or both jaws seeking dental implants to retain their intra-oral prosthetic devices ( n = 48 ) ; ( 2 ) an edentulous control group of the same age and gender distribution bespeaking conventional, complete dental plates ( n = 35 ) . All participants in the survey completed a 49 point OHIP ( OHIP-49 ) and a validated dental plate satisfaction questionnaire prior to active intervention. OHIP informations were computed utilizing the leaden standardised and simple count methods. Non-parametric statistical trials were used to compare the responses of implant and control topics. Both groups were dissatisfied with their conventional dental plates and had comparatively similar degrees of dissatisfaction. There were statistically important differences between the groups for all seven OHIP-49 sub-scale tonss. Differences between OHIP-14 sub-scale tonss were besides important, with presence of dentitions act uponing the impact on psychological uncomfortableness. Subjects in the implant group were significantly more impaired, handicapped and handicapped by tooth loss than topics seeking conventional dental plates. The consequences suggested that OHIP-49 and OHIP-14 had a similar ability to know apart between the groups. This indicates that OHIP-14 may be a utile assistance in a clinical scene.

Smart Grid Resolution, London Waste Dump Site and Maladroit’s Cosmetics Essay

One of the benefits of investing in this $100 million project includes rerouting power around bottlenecked lines. This allows Xcel Energy to deliver electricity to areas in Boulder that have a very high demand that the previous conventional electrical grid was unable to service effectively. This smart-grid system also enables Xcel Energy to detect and reduce power outages, identify false alarms more quickly and read customer meters remotely. This in return will lead to a reduction in the number of times the service crews are sent out to those locations, thus making the service crews more productive. Combining the efficiency of the smart-grid electrical system and the reduction of outages will allow Xcel Energy to capture cost-savings more appropriately. Additionally, this electrical smart-grid allows customers to monitor their individual power use reducing household usage by up to 30% in some cases, thereby enhancing customer satisfaction. Although this may lead to a decrease in revenue for Xcel Energy, the smart-grid system enables integration of renewable generation, an increase in overall system efficiency, a more robust electrical system and an ability to recover under-utilized and wasted energy. We can’t say for sure, but this may actually benefit Xcel Energy in the long-run as they will recover lost revenue through their decreased operational costs using the smart-grid electrical system. What conflicts do you suspect might have occurred between all the different stakeholders in this project? In any project there are four main stakeholders. This includes Client, Parent Organization, Project Team and the Public. In the case of Xcel Energy’s smart-grid project, both the client and public would be the population of Boulder, CO. The Parent Organization is Xcel Energy and the project team includes representatives from Accenture consulting for engineering, energy industry consultants, leading technologists, business leaders and IT experts. Accenture provides consulting solutions in many major industrial sectors. According to the text, Accenture consulting for engineering was hired. Additionally, IT experts were also brought onto the team. Accenture provides IT solutions as part of their consulting portfolio so there may be some conflict between the two parties due to their different backgrounds and methods of doing business. Also security and privacy were of utmost importance to protect intellectual property, so it is in the best interests of the project team and the parent organization to control how much information they gave to the public and local media. However, the latter of the two recipients may have wanted more information, specifically, how this affects their electricity costs and demands in the long run causing another source of conflict. Internally, members of the project team will experience conflict caused by belonging to two different teams – their project team and functional team. Often, the head of the teams are two different people with different motives and goals, and the members have the responsibility to report to both and are therefore pulled in two different directions. The members of the project team experience almost total conflict as they compete for project resources and leadership roles. This is caused in part by the different backgrounds, attitudes and biases of each member. This would be especially apparent in the Xcel project where members from many different companies and departments are brought together, each with a unique way of accomplishing the tasks and work packages of the project. Turning London’s Waste Dump into the 2012 Olympics Stadium Which of the â€Å"triple constraints† seems to be the uppermost here? Which constraints was Crockford trading between? The text says Crockford â€Å"quickly† assembled a project team of over 1000 individuals in order to meet the mid-2011 completion date. A constant referral to time is also observed. The start date of construction was noted as May 2008 and although there was a delay due to re-designing the roof, the text ends by stating that the project was still on track to be completed by mid-2011. Therefore, Schedule is the triple constraint uppermost here. The design team for the 2012 Olympics Stadium planned a highly-compact field of play requiring a steel-beamed roof and on discovering that the steel-beamed roof as designed would create turbulence on the compact field, a lighter, more flexible roof was redesigned, which was made in part from recycled materials. This roof required less steel and cost less than the initial steel-beamed roof designed. Thus, Crockford traded between the Scope (Required Deliverables) and the Cost (Budget limit). Was the life cycle for this project S-shaped, J-shaped, or something else? Considering just the purpose of the river dredging as a project itself, what was the shape of its life cycle? The completion of London’s 2012 Olympic Stadium consisted of selecting the project team (consisting of over 1000 members), cleaning up the chosen site, design of the stadium, construction, delays and finally construction until completion. Therefore, the project life-cycle most likely followed a stretched S-shape curve similar to housing construction projects. The S-shaped curve is categorized by a slow start, followed by a quick build-up and a slow finish. This is a result of the changing levels of resources used during the successive stages of the life-cycle. The slow start in this case would be the clearing of the site and design of the stadium. Construction would also begin slowly but would quickly ramp up once all the raw materials are shipped to the location and base infrastructure completed. There is a delay (not uncommon – almost expected) when the team realizes the steel-beamed roof would create turbulence on the compact field. Finally, construction will slow down as specialized parts are ordered for the final touches (luxury spectator rooms, confectionary stands etc). The river dredging project followed a J-shaped curve. This is characterized by a slow start followed by an exponential increase in project completion over time. Moreover, the expenditure of resources has little correlation with overall progress. The team removed 30,000 tons of silt, gravel and garbage from the river. Getting the cranes and other heavy machinery used to remove garbage from the river would take time, but once there, they can quickly and effectively remove the waste from the river. Were there any ancillary goals for this project? What might they have been? The Olympic Delivery Authority’s goal to use recycled materials in the building of the 2012 Olympic Stadium can be considered as an ancillary goal. The use of recycled materials to build a lighter, more flexible roof creates opportunities whereby a stadium can be completely built from recycled materials in the future. An ancillary goal of making 55,000 of the 80,000 seats temporary would create a profitable stadium in the future because the cost of maintaining the area containing the seats is grossly reduced. Furthermore, a successful stadium results in a successful 2012 Olympics and ultimately increases tourism in England. Finally, Ian Crockford has greatly increased his reputation and experience as a project manager (as well as his subordinates and parent company too) which drastically increases his chances of managing future projects on this scale and beyond. Which of the project-defining factors in Section 1. 1 were active here. The project was identified as important by the Olympic Delivery Authority composed of politicians and other high-ranking members of society. The scope was clearly defined from the beginning of the project and was divided into sub-tasks to achieve the project goals. The due date of the project is also clearly defined as Mid-2011. Many interdependencies were at play such as the recycled metal from the police department and dredging of the river. The project was unique in that it had a temporary seating design, a lighter more flexible roof and designed specifically for the 2012 London Olympics. The budget was limited to ? 32 million and not unlike the Xcel Energy case detailed above; conflicts existed between the different stakeholders of the project. Therefore, all 7 of the project defining factors were active in the construction of the 2012 Olympics stadium. Maladroit Cosmetics Company Which of the three choices do you recommend and why? The third choice, that is, the company that manufactures the machines can handle the installation project for a fee close to what the installation would cost Maladroit is recommended for a number of reasons. The first being hat Maladroit becomes the customer in this transaction, and the company installing the machines would be performing the job and would have to do it according Maladroit’s specifications including any unseen delays not identified in the scope. We are also unsure of the qualifications of the members of her staff and if they capable of undertaking such a high risk project worth $4 million. Finally, she cannot handle the project informally out of office because the project is very important and she would not be able to devote as much time to the project as well as her current duties. If the project was one small machine at a total cost of $4,000, would your answer be different? Yes, we would recommend that she assigns the project to a member of her staff that could potentially be suited for a managerial role in the future. This low risk project would be an excellent test to see how well he or she is able to complete the project deliverables in a cost-effective and timely manner. Discuss the relative importance of the capital investment required versus the role of the investment in machinery. Capital investment can be defined as a commitment of the owner’s money to land, buildings or machinery. In this example, it is the commitment of the owner’s money to the installation of 6 machines worth $4million (note: the plant manager does not necessarily own the machines, rather, the shareholders or owners of the actual company do). The role of the investment in machinery is to replace the filling machines that have become obsolete within 6 months so that the company can continue to produce cosmetic products and generate revenue.

The Academic Nature and Standards of School

It could be said the A. S. Neill began the reformation of liberal education when he founded Summerhill Free School in 1921. The academic nature was opposite of a standard school where students have a variety of classes that they are expected to attend. The voluntary attendance, absence of order as well as adult authority are just a few things that characterize Summerhill. Students are expected to gain more of an educational wealth by learning basic concepts of self-esteem, tolerance, integrity, fairness, and understanding rather than math quations and science functions. Because Summerhill is so popular and unique, it has received enormous amounts of criticism. Consequently, the Free School has been a victim to numerous According to Kristi Ruark from the website Summerhill School, Neill was just the fourth of 13 children, grew up under the stern hand of his schoolmaster father who ran his classroom with an iron rod (Ruark). Neil believed he could expand his pupils minds and horizons by providing a comfortable learning atmosphere where students can learn what they are interested in ompared to fixed schedules and classes. At the age of twenty-five, Neill went to Edinburgh University and took a degree in English. Afterwards he became a journalist, and later head of a small school in Gretna Green. Here, he began to compose his first book, A Dominie's Log, and form his ideas on freedom for children. After a year in the school he wrote: â€Å"I have converted a hard-working school into a playground, and I rejoice. These brains have had a year of happiness and liberty. They have done what they liked; they have sung their songs while they were orking at graphs, they have eaten their sweets while they read their books, they have hung on my arms as we rambled along in search of artistic corners (Neil p. 88) . † By 1927, Neil had moved to a city in southern England where he, along with the help of his second wife, Ena, ran Summerhill until Neil's death in 1973 and Ena's retirement in 1985. Zoe Readhead, daughter of A. S. Neill, was left with no other choice but to continue running In a recent interview with Zoe Readhead, Jerry Doe raised the question of advantages to optional class attendance. Readhead then explained how it doesn't destroy your love for learning and how the things you do, you do because you want to do them. She then goes on to state â€Å"you can't have a friendly relationship with somebody and then force them to go to a class they don't want to go to (Martin). † Further along in the interview Readhead discusses the conflicts between Summerhill and the Educational Department that could result in a termination. Due to the release of the self-titled book about Free School Movement in the 60's, Summerhill was emerging. Even though, the school was receiving tremendous criticism about the lack of management in the classroom and skills that the young students obtain. The clause â€Å"Letting them (the students) do what they want will eventually result in effective learning† was not widely accepted. The HMI inspectors said it was totally unacceptable for children at the age of nine not to be able to read or write. Readhead's response to this was â€Å"If they don't want to go to class and they don't want to learn to read or write, then that's fine with us (Martin). According to John Gummer, MP, â€Å"People should have the right to decide on the education that they like for their children† (Summerhill). However, like her father, Zoe Readhead believes the Summerhill staff can educate a well-rounded student based on creative works rather than rigid discipline and formal pedagogy. The emphasis is still the same today as when Summerhill was established. The schools operate with few constraints on students or teachers, so students are free to plan and execute their own learning experiences, thus developing self discipline and responsibility. In turn, parents seem guided by Neill's philosophy and a concern that public schools were not meeting their children's needs. Like many alternative or free schools, Summerhill is small with a total enrollment of fewer than sixty along with a limited number of teachers. Summerhill and freedom are two word that fit harmoniously in a sentence. The phrase â€Å"freedom but not license† was coined by Neill. This basically meant that you are free to do as you wish just as long as you don't interfere with someone else's freedom. This independence allows the students to be self-motivated so learning is natural and enjoyable. They mature and become socially responsible without being taught moral values. Also, the freedom creates self respect for the children. They will know what they think is important so others will listen in addition to a tight wavelength bond between the two. Summerhill has now been running successfully for over seventy-five years. The school is first and foremost a place where children can learn at their own pace and maintain self-direction. It's gave children a happy learning environment, time to develop naturally, but most importantly, power over their own lives.

ACCT - Principles of Managerial Accounting Essay - 2

ACCT - Principles of Managerial Accounting - Essay Example Some decisions are taken to prevent worsening of situations in the short term, but these decisions may have negative implications in the long run. In the given case, the purchase of CD raw materials should be recorded in the current year expenses since the purchase is already complete on 15th November. Adjusting expenses and posting transactions as per accounting convenience is a regular practice within organizations. In this case the CFO’s instruction to post the expenses in the current year even though the material purchased will be used in the next financial year is justified since the purchase has already taken place in the current year. Hence the decision is morally justified and does not reflect unfair accounting practice. Moral and ethical decisions in such contexts do present challenges to accountants who are well aware of the unfair accounting practices. However, the primary challenge lies in the fact that opposing the CFO or senior management decision may have negative implications on accountant job security and employment conditions. Accounting frameworks and standards provide the essential parameters for fair practice. Any decision that goes against these standards or code of ethics for accountants must be opposed on grounds of possible negative implications in the long run. The job allocation process of the company involves allotting jobs to contractors on the basis of low cost and high quality. The two different categories of contractors involved in this process are the general contractors and the government contractors. It has been noticed that the bidding price of the government contractors involve a certain percentage of overhead that is added to the cost of production. The profit percentage is thus specified and this leverages the government contractors’ position in terms of distinct cost plus profits for jobs allocated. The general contractors thus find themselves at a disadvantage since they have to compete

Pros and cons of death penelty Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Pros and cons of death penelty - Research Paper Example s a legal sentence that acts as a strong deterrence to the criminals who seldom desist from committing crime and are used to committing such heinous crimes such as murder and killing (Hood 211). The provision of death penalty scares away the people from engaging in such serious and inhuman crimes like murder and killing. It protects the society from the serious criminals who are incapable of mending their ways. It is a final resort against such criminals who are incapable of correcting their criminal tendencies. (2) The one other advantage of death penalty is that it assures that a criminal gets full and complete justice. Since the consequences of death penalty are irreversible, the legal system looks to it that the varied aspects of a crime are seriously considered before an individual is given a death penalty (Hood 179). (3) It is the duty of the criminal justice system to look to it that a criminal gets appropriately punished for the heinous crime committed by one. The provision of death penalty assures that a criminal gets suitably and appropriately punished in consonance with the inhumanity and gravity of the crime committed by one (Anckar 59). (4) Death penalty is also appropriate as it brings a sense of final closure to the family members and friends of the victims who are subjected to serious crimes. It gives a sense of solace to their families that the justice has been met with in a suitable and time bound manner (Anckar 119). (ca) The one big objection against death penalty is that it is deemed to be inhuman and immoral (Haines 62). It is owing to the inhuman and immoral nature of the death penalty that this legal provision has been banned in Europe and in many other nations. (cc) One other objection against death penalty is that it is highly susceptible to the quality and fairness of a trial (Haines 172). In case the trial in the case of a prisoner is not fairly conducted, it may subject one to a situation, the consequences of which can never be

Disease resulting by global warming Research Paper

Disease resulting by global warming - Research Paper Example â€Å"With extreme climate change, vulnerable groups of people such as the elderly and the children will be more prone to diseases such as increased occurrence of flu and fever (US, 2009 page 24).† Also, many bacteria and viruses reproduce in extreme weather and this may result in increased strain of diseases caused by these microorganisms. Climate change due to global warming will also affect the Agriculture cycle and people will experience more food drought than what is documented. As a result of poor nutrition and malnutrition, more diseases will also be exhibited. Studies show that diseases such as Lyme disease, tuberculosis, avian influenza, cholera, Ebola, infestation and infection of intestinal and external parasites, yellow fever, sleeping sickness, and malaria will increase in prevalence due to global warming (Shapley, 2008). Diseases Caused by Global warming The most direct effect of global warming is by causing an increase in infectious microorganisms. Diseases such as Cholera, Ebola, malaria, sleeping sickness Lyme disease are caused by micro pathogens that are transmitted by hosts. Some disease such as malaria and sleeping sickness are more prevalent in subtropical and tropical areas compared to more wet and cold areas (Hauser, 2013). Thus, these diseases are more prevalent in Africa as compared to western countries. This is due to the different weather patterns in the regions. However, with global warming the climate pattern will be affected. Thus, such diseases that are only found in tropical and subtropical regions can even be spread in the Western regions. Malaria can be deadly if unchecked and can result in fatalities both for the children and the adults. Malaria pathogens quickly mutate and thus, resistant strains are quickly rising. The problem is that the discovery and manufacture of effective drugs is not as fast as the resistance rate. A global epidemic of malaria can turn out to be catastrophic. Global warming can also cause the p revalence of temperate weather. Many microorganisms cannot survive in temperate weather. However, with temperate weather many organisms can be able to survive long enough to reproduce and be infectious. This can lead to the introduction of some diseases which have not been documented yet. Some microorganisms also tend to thrive better in extreme temperatures. This stability may result in prevalence of the diseases and making the disease more infectious than in normal temperatures. Metabolism of humans is also affected in temperate temperatures. This may affect the physiology of humans leaving them prone to diseases (Schnackenberg, 2012). Warmer weather may result in increased reproduction of parasites and rodents that carry pathogenic microorganisms. Increased number of hosts will lead to increased chances of the parasites and rodents of picking up pathogens and transmitting them to humans. In households, growths of many microorganisms are favored by warm and humid environments. Thu s, if cold regions such as the North Pole were to become warm, many microorganisms will thrive there causing a spread of diseases. Researchers also predict that change in climatic condition will lead to increase in the cycle of transmissions of pathogens by the carriers to the humans. An indirect effect on how global warming can cause diseases is by affecting the Agriculture cycle. The growth of

Canadian Real Estate Vertical Go to Market Plans and Strategy Term Paper - 1

Canadian Real Estate Vertical Go to Market Plans and Strategy - Term Paper Example The paper utilizes suitable illustrations to support the relevant details. The paper terminates in suitable conclusion that emanates from prior discussions of the paper and illustration provided. CREV endeavours to succeed in the Canadian real estate market. However, realization of the above requires the firm to enact an ambitious advertisement plan that will expand the firm’s clientele base. Such an undertaking will require an appositely coined strategy. The strategy should adequately appraise the nature of the market. This write-up will seek to institute an opposite promotional approach that will culminate in the success of the above real estate entity. Evidently, the above strategy will be critical since the real estate sector has encountered key upheaval due to the economic crisis. The market base is dwindling. Consequently, CREV requires to repositioning itself ensuring it maintains and boosts its clientele base. This strategy will enlist certain data and relevant illustration to support it assertions. The assertion will relate to strategy that the entity should adopt. This strategy has identified communication as an integral element in this industry. Therefore, advertising has sizeable implications on the fortune of real estate firms (Vertical news). Rogers is promotional firm enlisted to undertake the above task. The marketing strategy aims at enacting appropriate measures that will ensure that it has sizeable share of the market. This plan will enlist of information from credible informer that have undertaken through research. Evidently, the Canadian real estate sector is overly competitive (Canadian real estate association). Consequently, marketing will serve as an integral tool of boosting the clientele base. However, the realization of the benefits of marketing will demand utilization of shrewd advertising campaign. Therefore, CREV will require enlisting

Social Construction of Black Feminist Thought Essay

Social Construction of Black Feminist Thought - Essay Example The feminist point of view jots downs the ideas of treatment and experiences of the other groups. In simpler words, it can be said that the feminist thought is purposed to acclaim the interpretation which black women have of all the oppression (Collins). Black women are stronger in terms of having their standpoint of consciousness. Despite being a part of the oppressed group, they are conscious enough to have their own definition of oppression. It is in this way that these women have their experiences mould. It can also be said that the black women have sort of undertaken a consciousness that stimulates their experience making them aware of odds and reality (Collins). In short, it is essential to note that the relationship between experience and consciousness is powerful enough for black women to have a firm foundation. This makes the other groups understand the capability of black women in undergoing resistance each day being an oppressed

Argument in Favor of Abortion Legalization Essay - 3

Argument in Favor of Abortion Legalization - Essay Example It should be well understood that mothers have a natural motherly instinct that causes them to have a profound likeness to children, at least their own. Therefore, when they are forced to abort during fetal complication, it should be seen as a last resort. Mothers should not be punished with a risk of death at times of complications because it was their decision to get pregnant at first. Whereas opponents argue that fetal life is sacred and should be spared in such instances, it should be understood that a mother’s life is sacred and more important at such instances. Therefore, abortion should be legal at such instances. More worrying is the fact that mothers are forced to sustain and nurture life against their will at instances of rape and unwanted pregnancies. Fundamentally, we should not be promoting forced motherhood since the same is likely to bring social issues such as juvenile delinquency as a result of failed parenthood. Why should we force someone to support an unplanned family without financial assistance? Those who oppose abortion in such instances should provide a pool of resources for all parenthood caused by forced motherhood, at least they can help financially. Otherwise, abortion seems to be the most rational thing to do under the circumstances. It is worth noting that abortion is not killing since life begins at birth. Ideally, the fetus has not yet developed to a complete human being with free will and perception. This implies that fetus hardly has any moral status (Gaita and Sather 159). Although abortion should not be encouraged due to the associated complications, people should not feel as if they are committing murder since the same does not amount to terminating the life of a freely living being. The fetus is not yet developed and that is why it has to depend on another human being for survival.  

Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 22

Management - Essay Example There are various strategic management models and they are chosen according to their suitability in meeting a company’s goals. These models are chosen for the purpose of formulating and implementing strategic management plans for a company. There exists no universal strategic management model that can suit any business, so it necessitates companies to adopt an existing model and modify it to suit their requirements. A basic strategic management model focuses on the company’s mission, objectives, situational analysis, strategy formulation, application and its control. The company’s external environment presents a potential market whose only limitation is lack of information regarding the products they offer (White 365). Natural Grocers’ products lack sufficient exposure in their potential market because of ignorance. The Natural Grocers has over the years cultivated an invaluable personnel attitude of belief in the company’s objectives and long-term goals. Personalization of a company’s principles by its employees enables the company to be seen from a different perspective by the market it serves. This has helped strengthened the company’s position in the community and market. The existing and potential company’s client base is faced with the challenge of ignorance in the general population about the benefits posed by the company’s objectives. The firm’s current mission is to expand its reach by increasing the number of branches from 200 to 2000 branches countrywide. This mission is good because it will ensure there are increased sales, which will help the company deal with the ever-increasing competition in their commodities market. Natural grocers by Vitamin Cottage can adopt an alternative or generic strategy that could be as useful as their branch expansion mission could. The company can instead embark on increasing and expanding its products’

The way in which the theme of prejudice is presented Essay Example for Free

The way in which the theme of prejudice is presented Essay From your reading of the novel so far, (up to and including chapter four), comment on the way in which the theme of prejudice is presented. The subject of prejudice is one of the major themes throughout the novel Of Mice and Men. There are three main characters that suffer prejudice from others, although this isnt always intentional. Crooks, Candy and Curleys wife are all examples of characters that are discriminated against, whether because of race, sex, age or appearance. Lennie receives some prejudice, however not nearly as much as the others. Candy is the oldest of all the ranch workers, and has lost his hand (presumably in a working accident), so therefore is resigned to be the swamper, as he cant do anything more. Because of this, he is isolated from the other workers in the bunkhouse due to his age and disability, and has become incredibly lonely. Candy is one of the three pairings in the novel, a relationship that is quickly destroyed. At the start of the novel, he is not as lonely as his old sheepdog provides company for him so his seclusion does not affect him hugely. However, in chapter 3, the other members of the group pressure him into allowing Carlson to shoot his dog, on the basis that he Dont know nothing that stinks so bad as an old dog. Although Candy loves his dog and doesnt want it dead, he eventually gives up and allows Carlson to take away his dog and shoot it. This shows how desperate he is for the other workers to like him more: that he would allow his only real friend on the ranch to be killed just to please the others in the bunkhouse. This also shows the amount of prejudice Candy suffers: it was inevitable that his dog was going to be killed, and if it had come to it he probably would have had no say in the matter. The event is foreshadowing of the fact that Candy is also old, and he too will die sooner than any of the other men. Further prejudice is seen as Slim offers him another dog from his new litter of puppies. The other ranch workers cannot see his misery, and treat him more like an animal by simply offering to replace what has been lost. Another of the victims of prejudice is Curleys wife, who is never given a name during the novel, to show that she has become one of Curleys possessions in the eyes of the workers, and, like all women, could never be treated as an equal. She is treated very harshly, suffering much verbal violence, for example being referred to as a bitch, tramp, poison, jailbait and a looloo. Most of these names are said in a cruel way, however some are merely how the workers refer to all women in general. Because of the neglect that she is given by everyone on the ranch, she dresses flamboyantly in order to gain some of the attention that she craves. She is said to have full, rouged lips and wide-spaced eyes, heavily made up. She wears a lot of red, which is a symbol of danger and also is a vibrant colour that may get her noticed. Also, it is very similar to a description of Mae West a film star at the time. When Curleys wife first meets George and Lennie she put her hands behind her back and leaned against the door frame so that her body was thrown forward. This is done only so that people will notice her for her good looks and therefore (she hopes) will pay her some attention. Instead they are all rude to her behind her back as their only real experience with women is at the local brothel, where women are treated more as objects, and so because of this, the workers associate her with prostitution and treat her with no respect. Like most women, she is considered to have hidden dangers; one of the ranchers describes how Andys in San Quentin now on account of a tart. Lennie, although he receives a small amount of prejudice, still holds some respect, as the other workers fear his strength, especially after he crushes Curleys hand. However, behind his back, references are often made about the fact that George and him travel together, implying that he wouldnt be able to do anything on his own and George himself says many times how childlike and dependant he is. A character that receives a large amount of discrimination is Crooks, simply because he is black. Much of this is not intentional, names such as nigger are common language to use amount the ranch workers, and they use it without considering the affect it has on Crooks feelings. He is treated terribly in the novel and is forced to live in a small shed with the animals. He has become a proud, aloof man and is rude to everyone as they are rude to him. He is clearly very lonely, and for good reason- the only time that he is allowed into the bunkhouse with the others is at Christmas so that they can beat him up, and get pleasure out of watching him behave like an animal. The only people in the book who dont instantly discriminate him because he is a nigger are Candy and Lennie, Lennie only because he doesnt know how. Crooks is still bitter and rude to them though, because he is afraid of being friendly to people because he no longer trusts anyone to return the friendliness. When Lennie comes into Crooks makeshift home, Crooks is instantly very rude to him. However, when Candy also wants to talk to him, Crooks found it hard to conceal his pleasure with anger, showing that Crooks actually enjoyed the company. He starts to come out of his shell and even asks to be part of Lennies dream, but then Curleys wife enters and is met with nothing but rude comments. This causes her to become defensive and she is very scornful to Crooks, causing him to retire into the terrible protective dignity of the negro. He is put in his place, and refuses to be part of the dream, because, as he says, I wouldn want to go no place like that.

The importance of realism in British soap opera Essay Example for Free

The importance of realism in British soap opera Essay Corrie, Enders and Brookie are all one. Family Affairs and The Archers are too. These shows are all a part of the great institution known as the British Soap Operas. Originating from when they were U.S. daytime drama programs sponsored by soap manufacturers, they were aimed at 1930s housewives with Opera ironically mocking the storylines that were thought of as being trivial and domestic. Soaps have always remained melodramatic, outrageous and containing high emotional content. They explore the domestic and personal worlds of their characters, which make the audience become more fascinated with the everyday drama of relationships and communities then with apparent serious events such as politics or current affairs. Soaps are mainly revolved around an established location (a street, close, square or an area). Some Soap, such as The Bill and Casualty are known to be occupational soaps, revolving around a workplace. The key factors in Soap are the community places where everyone knows each other making storylines a lot more possible. The Local pub is a place where gossip can be spread fast and enemies cannot avoid one another. Meaning a confrontation (a la Mike Baldwin and Ken Barlow) is inevitable providing a worthwhile appearance in soap. A big part of the Soap Operas popularity is realism, which is the dominant mode of representation in Television and Media. The term usually implies that the media text attempts to represent an external reality; Soaps are realistic because it is accurately reproduces the part and culture of the world its referring to. The uses of conventions aid this representation. A series of conventions is used to charm the audience into the world. Locations, narrative structures and mise-en-scene conventions are a few which attract the audience. If everyone in Eastenders drove Mercedes convertibles with the top down in October, it wouldnt match the reality of it happening at the same time in East End London. Whilst still being dramatic, soaps have always connected to their audience using realism. To achieve this the audience should feel the Soap should be set in contemporary setting meaning it should be set in the present day or at least modern times which the audience can recognize. The drama should contain people who the audience can identify with; a character like Phil Mitchell is more believable then someone having superhero powers (think Superman, Buffy). This means the audience are able to believe the characters are real people too, because of their possible human existence. Realism is also constructed by Soaps revolving around the working class, who make up the majority of the audience. Storylines and activities such as popping into the local are believable. These conventions are evident in popular soaps such as Coronation Street (1960-), Eastenders (1985-) and Brookside (1982-2003). Storylines in Soaps make realism more realistic; the social issues conveyed are usually negative. These things that are significant in society and in the news at one time or another, these controversial storylines prompt quick conflicting response. Some issues are long-standing such as alcoholism, teenage pregnancy, abortion, drugs and rape. Soap operas tend to reflect as many social issues as they can, which can be seen as a attempt to educate and support viewers. Often there is a help line number for victims who have suffered the same fate as the character after the episode. The long storyline of Mark Fowler in Eastenders being HIV positive was started in the 80s a time when the disease was being discovered and the show took the issue and proved that the suffering characters are like real people and arent protected by their fictional state. The storyline was followed until Marks eventual death in 2003. This also shows that every single dialogue written in Soaps can influence the future plots. However, some storylines arent so reflective. Weve just seen Dirty Den Watts reappear in EastEnders, despite having died 10years ago. The writers wrote him back in by revisiting the day when his body was dragged out of a river and that cryptically his body wasnt identified. If he had been identified, this storyline wouldnt be gripping 17million viewers currently. Notice that there was no help lines for viewers who have had people come back from the dead, proving that the writers arent using realism to illustrate this storyline. Adding to the realism is the location, many small communities have basic meeting places the shops, pub and repair garage are just a few. This provides the characters with a assembly point where storyline titbits can be exchanged and the viewer more informed. These local public places are magnified in the Soap. Almost every woman in Coronation Street works at Underworld, which would almost never happen in a real street. This unrealistic setting employs the realistic storyline The woman at underworld would be gossiping about a wedding or other storyline that would inform the viewers more detail of the story. The gossiping and bitchy female workplace is also evident in the real world. Also Soap has the proximity of everything being so close to one another. Rita in Coronation Street goes from working all day in a Newsagent to having a night out at the Rovers. Nobody goes very far away. In a Truman Show style it is almost as it the characters do not know of a world outside Weatherfield. Important in adding to the realism is sound. It is always diegetic, like when the train goes past the market stalls in EastEnders. This can make the show seem more real because the 5.35 train to North London has just gone past a busy market. This makes the whole concept more believable. Representation of the characters is also important. East end London is full of different ethnicities, different genders, sexual preference, ages, occupations, incomes and backgrounds and the characters in Eastenders are meant to be a represent society. The more different characters in the Soap, the more authentic it is. Soaps mostly rely on conflict with one another, as do most things; it comes down to Good vs. Bad. Audiences all go through conflict with one another, believing they are right. To have characters do the same provides the audience with a reassurance that everyone disagrees and that conflict is inevitable. There is a disagreement about the value of Soap Opera. Some say Soaps are Junk TV predictable and limited in stimulation of the mind. For others they are examples of realism, reflecting the society they depict by tackling social issues in a dramatic form. Thus, the importance of realism in soap operas is vital to their success. Cemented as their own institution, avid fans can cling onto story lines and events in a bid to relate to scenarios in their life. Although a strong example, the HIV Mark Fowler storyline has the possibility to help and support victims so much that if they actually remembered that Mark Fowler is fictional the story crumbles and they may feel vulnerable and alone. Having the empathy of someone else going through the same can encourage an audience so much that the realistic features found in Soaps should be exact, so the audience can accept the story and relate. To me, it seems anything but trivial and domestic.

Essay about Sufferings in Life

Essay about Sufferings in Life Throughout the world almost every living person on the planet will witness suffering at least once in a life time. Suffering as we know it is defined as the pain we experience due to an injury, medical malpractice or even disruptions in ones family life and etc. Although we endure suffering, do we constantly suffer? According to the German Philosopher, Arthur Schopenhauer who proposed that life is full of suffering and that this suffering is directly caused by the will of the individual. I wish in this short paper to carry this claim further and try to explain why Schopenhauer thinks that life is full of suffering and how he believes that this suffering can be overcome. I will also attempt to show my perspective of why I dont agree to his arguments. Schopenhauer proposed his pessimistic view on an individuals condition in this world by stating that life is filled with suffering, and that this suffering that we experience is directly caused by our will. We know Life tends to want, and because its wants are regularly unfulfilled, it largely exists unfulfilled and in a state of deprivation. By the wanting or expecting something, an individual is setting himself up to sufferÂÂ  until that objective is met. Then, upon fulfillment of the desire, a new aim is set forth, and thus the cycle of suffering begins again. When Schopenhauer says that all life is suffering he means everything that lives and strives, is filled with suffering, he puts it as It is absurd to look upon the enormous amount of pain that abounds everywhere in the world.(Pg 63) Suffering is ultimately caused by the frustration and conflict that arises from competition between individual wills. For Schopenhauer suffering seems to be such a great cause that the world is subjected to, he feels happiness that we experience at times is not actually happiness in life. In fact, if an individual is to measure the joy they experienced in the world it would have to be measured through Schopenhauers ways, as he states; not by its joys and pleasures, but by the extent to which it has been free from suffering (pg 64) He goes even further to say that Suffering is the purifying process through which alone, in most cases, a person is consecrated. Schopenhauer claimed that more intense the willing, the more intense will be the suffering. So, now, the problem here is how to diminish the capability of ones willing such that we may get a relief from suffering? Schopenhauer answer is actually a very simple one, although according to me not, by any means, easy to accomplish. The answer is; being capable of denying what will wants. This practice is called Aestheticism or self-denial and, according to Schopenhauer, is the one adequate solution to the central life problem. Schopenhauer ideology of life filled with suffering is a total contradiction to want to live without wanting to suffer. Of course that contradiction over here again is his metaphysics of Will. The question, really is do we suffer all the time? I would go on to disagree with this argument. Even if we do suffer, between periods of suffering, there is concise happiness as wants are fulfilled. Schopenhauer claims that this pleasure can never be more than liberation from pain, further suggesting that humans only experience happiness through the memory of suffering and pain. This view is opposite to the modern view of suffering and happiness. We dont necessarily experience happiness from suffering as a memory. If for example I have bad memories of being bullied in school, I would not attain pleasure by remembering those memories and therefore I find this argument unsound. Life to some extent has suffering, this fact is unavoidable. However, by realizing this, and by focusing on the positives, human beings can lead reasonably enjoyable lives. Therefore, an individual should do exactly the opposite of what Schopenhauer suggests, and experience each emotion, good or bad, as fully as possible. If we are to consider the roles played by both the ordinary perception and aesthetic state, it seems that it is actually desirable that things are as they are. That is, we need to recognise that our suffering serves a great good and that is the promotion of our own survival. I find Schopenhauer to be mistaken; we do not always suffer, as there are little things that make life joyous. Furthermore, Schopenhauer compares our lives to animals, he states; The lower animals appear to enjoy a happier destiny than men. (pg64) On the same side with Schopenhauer I believe that animals live better lives than us. The fact that animals dont construct memories from their past and replay it, they obviously live better lives than us. Take for example a gold fish; most experiments claim they have a life span of three seconds, comparing that to a human life it can be said that we would suffer by recollecting old memories that brought us pain and suffering. Unlike us humans animals dont bother about the future or the past. They live in the present. So when it comes to animals I would agree that they live better lives than us and thus the argument is sound. Schopenhauer Aesthetic system according to me is a completely feeble. Even if it were possible to forget and give up all of our will, why would we ever do such a thing? I understand that our will at times is totally pointless and at times a lot of desires arise, and we are only capable of fulfilling some or none of them, but this does not mean we should practice aesthetics. The one problem that I see with the aesthetic system is that, Will, is the ultimate cause of our suffering. And we can be freed from our suffering through practising aesthetic. This idea seems to be contradictory, how can we be free of suffering by losing our individualism and perceiving the will objectively when the will is evil in nature? As Schopenhauer puts is. What is believed is that it is essential for us to see the world subjectively and not objectively, using our own experiences in order to survive. It is therefore fair to claim that our will is acting in our best interest. It also allows us to have desires that are needed in order to survive. For instance, it is essential for us to have a will to eat regularly in order to nourish ourselves; if we failed to do this we would die. And therefore I find this argument unsound. It would be fair for me to say that I totally find Schopenhauers ideology of life being filled with suffering invalid. However, I do find his argument on animals living a better life than human to be somewhat valid. The idea of aestheticism for combating suffering according to me is also not valid. I have tried to show that his conception of the will was mistaken on the grounds that he failed to properly appreciate the great good that our will actualises: our survival. Overall I believe that life is good, it has its ups and downs which Schopenhauer failed to realise. However one should live to the fullest and enjoy every single moment in life before we leave this world for good.

Cellulite Essay -- Health Fat Diet Essays

Cellulite In society today it seems the goal of many Americans is to be thin. In their hope of achieving this so-called perfection, it means taking extreme measures to get there. A common complaint of most women in their quest for thinness is trying to combat cellulite, a word that makes them cringe. It seems to plague women (rarely ever effecting men) of all shapes and sizes and usually resides in the hips, thighs and buttocks regions, and sometimes even the triceps and lower abdomen areas. By common definition, "cellulite is lumpy unevenly distributed bulges of fatty tissue which often have a cottage cheese consistency. It is composed of gel-like lumps of water, fat and residues of toxic substances that should have been eliminated from the body." (http://www.beautiful-body.com/) So in other words, cellulite is the way in which fat is arranged underneath the skin. Its lumpy appearance is due to fatty tissue trapped in spaces between connective tissues called septa. The amount of cellulite an individual has is mostly due to genetic composition. Cellulite is extremely difficult to get rid of because it is caused by excess fat whose surrounding net-like fibers are very weak. This causes the fat to bulge in between the fibers and under the skins surface, making it a multi-faceted problem. During the 90's new revolutionary treatments for cellulite are invented every day. Because cellulite is so difficult to lose, women are willing to try almost any solution even if it sounds ridiculous. Today the methods are endless, beginning with unbelievable thigh creams that claim to reduce the size of your thighs. Next, salons are performing cellulite massages and using body wraps to change the appearance of cellulite. Liposuction and ... ...nd exercise regimen, that includes the combination of an aerobic, anaerobic, and nutritional combination. Many of these other miracle treatments are still in their preliminary stages of testing, and it is not proven whether any of them are really safe or effective. Even though the public is desperate to be cellulite-free, the quest to battle the dimple is not considered to be a medical problem; therefore, there is little research done to assist the public in finding the most accurate information. In reality I think the public already knows that a dream cream or a leg massage sounds too good to be true, and it is. After all the websites I found with miracle cures for cellulite, hopefully someone will read this and not waste their time or money finding a silly solution. Diet, exercise, and drink water regularly, and do the best you can with your inherited genes!

American Constituional Law :: Argumentative Persuasive Papers

American Constituional Law (2) The rights of the individual in the United States have been debated since before this country was formed. Does a woman have the right to do with her body what she sees worthy, or is it the responsibility of the United States government to tell her what and what she can not do with her body? Do women, and doctors, have the right to clone a human zygote from a single donation of male sperm and to implant the zygote into the woman’s body in order to impregnate the woman? The state of Connecticut passed a law that bans the cloning of human cells, including the reproductive zygote cells that can be used for the purpose of impregnating a woman. The holding in this case that I make is that the cloning of human zygotes for the purpose of impregnating a female is protected by the constitution and therefore the doctors who violated Connecticut’s â€Å"Frankenstein Act† should be freed because of the unconstitutionality of the act. As cited in Roe v. Wade the woman has a right to privacy that the government should not be able to encroach upon. As emphasized in Roe the due process clause protects freedom of choice in decisions respecting â€Å"marriage, divorce, procreation, contraception, and the education and upbringing of children.† In Roe v. Wade the due process clause made it possible for a women to obtain an abortion. This same theory allows for women to do as they want concerning issues of procreation and contraception. The cloning and subsequential insemination of a woman with a cloned zygote is an issue that clearly falls under the headings of procreation and contraception. Law protects these two aspects of life and therefore the cloning of the zygote for the purpose on contraception is the woman's right that is protected by law. Women have the right, protected by law, to do as they see fit with their own body. This instance also pertains to men. If a man wants his zygotes cloned and the woman agrees and wants to be inseminated by the cloned zygotes then they have that right, protected by the law. There is also the principle of privacy and autonomy that allows a woman the right to have a child using a cloned zygote.

AIDS/HIV Essay -- Health, Diseases

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), can be transmitted through unprotected sexual intercourse, sharing contaminated needles and syringes, mother to child (perinatal) and contaminated blood product (National Association of Health Authorities, 1988). 1.2 PURPOSE OF THE RESEARCH Late HIV diagnosis remains a major problem among black Africans in England. In 2007, about 42 per cent of black Africans diagnosed with HIV were diagnosed late (HPA, 2008a). This compromises their survival chances because evidence indicates that starting treatment with a CD4 cell count below 200 copies/mm3 (a measure of the degree to which an individual’s immune system is compromised) increases the risk of disease progression and death (Gazzard, 2008). The reasons for late diagnosis among black Africans are not clear, but include persistent HIV-related stigma and discrimination (WHO, 2006). Fakoya et al. (2008) identified cultural, social and structural barriers, such as access to testing and care, fear of death and disease, lack of political will, restrictive immigration policies and lack of African representation in decision-making processes. There is a desperate need to understand the social context of the disease both in terms of the migrants' region of origin as well as in their new United Kingdom (UK) communities. The British government is yet to address the steep rise in rates of the disease among heterosexuals and a new Aids awareness campaign targeted at those most at risk of spreading it is imperative. It is a campaign that the government is reluctant to undertake because of the sensitivities around immigration, race and perceptions of neo-colonialism (Chinouya and Davidson, 2003). The prevalence of diagnosed HIV in black African and bl... ...n found that higher levels of knowledge, perception of risk, and having a friend or relative with AIDS were associated with effective behaviour change (Sambisa 2008). The notion behind personal experience or knowing someone who is infected is that for some people HIV/AIDS does not become real, or denial is preferable including denial of risk, until one witnesses someone ill or dying of AIDS. This means that trying to shift people’s perception of risk in order that they choose behaviours that are safe requires a detailed understanding of culture, context of perception, and experience of risk (Kesby, et al., 2003). This is related to the fact that ‘culture’ in its anthropological sense, is a complex interplay of meanings, action, structure, and change that exist within all social relations and in all social settings (Mayisha II Collaborative Group 2005).

Distracted Driving Kills Essay

It is not uncommon today for driving crashes to be in our daily evening news. Almost every day, there are reports and newspaper articles about drivers who were distracted or under the influence of something. Most of us have probably seen drivers swerving in their lanes or barely dodging a pedestrian because they are not focused. In fact, each day, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) states that â€Å"more than 15 people are killed and more than 1,200 people are injured in crashes that were reported to involve a distracted driver†. Some victims sustain minor injuries while others suffer from permanent damage, or possibly even die. Drivers are putting those around them at risk when they whip out their phone and began to text while driving. The Tiger’s Roar talked with Kiera Gold ’15 about her opinions on multitasking while behind the wheel. â€Å"So many people think they can multitask,† Gold comments. â€Å"Sure, maybe with testing and hom ework, or texting and cleaning, but driving?! That’s crazy.† It is not uncommon for people our age to multitask on almost everything. The biggest problem with this issue is that the most serious offenders are us. WE are the ones who are most at risk. Yet many of us continue to assume that we can drive and text or talk simultaneously. Some kids and adults do get away with it, but there are many more that do not. Distraction.gov is a website created by the U.S. government to address the problems of distracted driving in general. Ray Lahood, secretary of transportation, states that â€Å"any time you take your eyes off the road, your hands off the wheel, and your mind off your primary task: driving safely†, distraction occurs, increasing your risk of crashing. â€Å"Some people still don’t know how dangerous distracted driving is. Others know about the risks of texting†¦while driving, but still most choose to do so anyway. They make the mistake of thinking†¦that they can defy the odds† (D istraction.gov). They incorrectly think that the statistics do not apply to them. The most surprising of all is that there are all sorts of distractions that may be experienced. Texting, calling, eating, drinking, fixing your makeup, reading, adjusting music players, you name it. These are all potential factors that can put your life at risk. To ban texting and driving may sound like a reasonable action to take, but there may be difficulty enforcing such laws. To make texting while driving illegal will encourage drivers to hide their phones when they are texting instead of having it in front of them. This may make situations worse because some drivers will divert their eyes and attention to the phone instead of the road. In addition, it will be problematic for officers to know if someone was actually texting. â€Å"One Text or Call Could Wreck It All.† This is the message the U.S. Department of Transportation when it reaches out to millions of Americans. It is likely that a TV ad appeared while watching a favorite show about the consequences of texting while driving. They include the disabled and injured victim of a car crash due to distracted driving along with the one, simple text message that completely flipped their world upside down. This is reality, people. The purpose of the ads is not to depress you or give your something to laugh about. The way that person is now could be how you will end up living the rest of your life. In fact, if the trend of texting while driving continues just to disprove this article, you are only playing with your life and those around you. If you want to live your life to the fullest, then maybe that one text message does not need to be replied right away. Maybe it can wait until you have arrived at a resting place or your destination. Perhaps you won’t be involved in a fatal crash and film a texting while driving advertisement to make the public more aware. But that will depend on how you will deal with a ringing phone when your hands are on the wheel, your eyes focusing on the road. Stop the texts, stop the wrecks.

ADDIE

The training process includes three main steps for a new employee: 1- Induction Course This course conducted for the new employee to make him/her familiar with the Meany's basic issues like: 1- Code and ethic 2- Safety and health policy 3- Legislation 4- Employee hand book 5- Process manual (SOP) All the previous Issues should be summarized In manuals by the HER department depending on the Job description.These manuals should be handed to the new employee to read them and become more familiar with the company codes and procedure Instead of leaving the new employee to ask other employee. 2- Orientation The second step in the training process is to make the new employee more familiar with the company working environment which done at two main levels: 1- 1st Program: this program includes a Job rotation in deferent company sections for short periods, where the new employee awareness increased about the company operation. – 2nd Program: In this program the new employee observe the work in his section to learn how the work is done form his/her colleague, after that the new employee handled the new Job under observation. 3- Performance Appraisal (result) In this step the result from performance appraisal used to assess the strength and weakness of the employee and decide what type of training Is needed to Improve his/ err weakness and benefit from his/her strength.Type of training: 1- Managerial Training: 1- Time management 2- Problem Solving 3- Leadership 4- Report Writing 2- Technical: According to technical needs 3- Behavioral: 1- Conflict management 2- Dealing with customer 3- Stress management Level of Training Organizational level: training is needed here to achieve the company strategic 2- Company expansion 2- Task level: according to Job description 3- Personal level: according to single employee strength and weakness.For example if the employee is weak in time management, so he/she need time management raining. For example if the employee have leaders hip attitude we can benefit from his/her strength by giving him/her leadership training. Transfer of learning into workplace needs: 1- Management Support: 2- Work environment : the work condition and tools EDDIE EDDIE is instructional design model that can be used to build training program for the company .Now let's see how we can use EDDIE model in the training process: 1- Analysis: A good analysis of the company situation and its employee knowledge, skill and ability can provide important information about the training needs for the organization at three levels (organization, task, personal) The analysis phase of EDDIE model contain main four steps: 1- Instructional goals: here we need to decide what is the goal of our training program according to the organization needs?The goal can be at any level (organizational, task, personal) for example at the organization level the goal can be improve the employee knowledge, skills and ability to achieve ISO excellence, or it can be at the personal level improve the time management skills, or at the skills level like how to weld iron. 2- Instructional analysis: here we need to define all the steps accessory to achieve the instructional goals, if our instructional goal was to learn an employee how to weld iron the steps can be: 1. Clean and prepare the steel that need to be welded 2. Ware safety equipment 3.Turn on welding machine 4. Weld Joint slowly 5. Clean the Joint after welding 3- Learner Analysis: here we need to understand what already the learner knows instead of give him/her a training that he/she does not need. This can be accomplished by studding the available employee knowledge and skills that they have and decide what the necessary training that they need is. 4- Learning Objectives: here we need to build a learning objective of the training, it include what the employee should be able to do after taking the training. Suppose that our training was how to weld iron, the objective should be: 1 . Scribe the welding process (ability) 2. List the needed welding equipment (Knowledge) 3. Ability to weld in three different technique (skill) 4. List type of irons that can be welded (Knowledge) 2- Design 1- Design Assessments: here we create an assessment tools to assess if the learner and ability has been improved. In other world we need to check if the training aerogram has achieved its goal that has been decided in the analysis stage consider the learner knowledge, skills and ability, thus the idea is not to trick the learner but to make sure that the goal has been achieved.And this tool can be used later to check the effectiveness of the training program and decide what aspect of the training need to be improved. The assessment tool can be a paper test (multiple choice) or practical test (demonstration of using a machine). 2- Choose a Course Format: here we need to decide the medium by which the course is presented to the learner, it can e a class room, through internet, printed material or a combination. 3- Create an Instructional Strategy: here the instructor has to decide how to deliver the training, that's including the following tools and learning component: Tools learning Component 1.Lectures 2. Reading 3. Projects 4. Discussion 5. Activities 1 . Pre-limitations activity: motivate the learner by showing the value of the training(how will benefit them), show the course objective. 2. Content Presentation: direct to the objective with examples 3. Learner Participation: enable the student to reactive their new information and provide them with feedback. 4. Assessment: Quizzes 5. Follow Through Activity: review main all the training material to provide the student holistic view. – Develop 1- Create a sample: create a sample of the basic instruction martial depending to the previous two phases of EDDIE (analyze, design) to make sure that is consistent with the organization needs and objective. 2- Develop the Course Material: after the management approve that sample of the training build the whale the material with depth 3- Conduct a Run-through: run a rehearsal using all the media and material hat has been created to get a feedback and make sure everything is k. – Implementation 1- Training the Instructor: most of the time the one who develop the training program is also the one who teach the training, but in case the instructor is different personae than the training developer, the instruct should be trained on the course material 2- Prepare the Learners: here the instructor has to make sure that the learner should have the need tools and knowledge to attend the training like prerequisite, material needed, time to attend the training. – Arrange the Learning Space: room, chairs, tables, and projector. – Evaluation 1- Formative Evaluation (at each stage of EDDIE): The evaluation should be done through each phase of the EDDIE model. 1 . One-to- evaluation: This evaluation done one to one between the instruct and the l earner to check the effectives of the material to check its: 1. Clarity of the material: is the material clear and easy to Feasibility of the material: how practical is the material. 2.Small Group Evaluation: same as the above but for group(Clarity, Impact, Feasibility) 3. Filed trial evaluation: here we create real time rehearsal and check if the learners are able to utilize their raining to deal with the situation. (Clarity, Impact, Feasibility) 2- Assumptive Evaluation (at the end of the training): the purpose of this evaluation is to prove the worthiness of the training by evaluation the outcome of: 1. Reaction: getting the reaction of the learner about the training using agree-disagree. . Learning : knowledge (test), skills (performance test ), 3. Behavior : test in actual situation to check if the learner using the new knowledge and skills 4. Result: how does the training does affected the organization in profit, productivity, moral, Job satisfaction Performance management is a set of activities and evaluations that ensure the company is being effective and efficient in the process of meeting its goals and it is ongoing process that evaluates day-to-day performance.It analyzes different elements inside the company structure, such as the 1- performance of the overall company, 2- performance of a specific department, 3- performance process, product or service 4- performance of employee Managers and supervisors act as coach by setting realistic goals and encouraging the employee to achieve these goals, then measuring the result daily or weekly Performance management methods are more flexible than Performance appraisal, and its parameters more tangible concentrate on what an employee can realistically achieve in a day of work.Performance appraisal is intended to measure the performance of employees inside the company for a year. Performance appraisal can be considered as a single step in management performance-a step that focuses on the employee's past perfo rmance. Managers and supervisors act as Judge for the employee work performance by identifies weaknesses and strengths of the employee and set a plane to improve his knees ability utilizing his strength. Performance appraisal use structured and formal method in evaluating the employee, these evaluations consist of specific measures at specific area and they based on the company goals.Performance appraisal sets a high performance measurement to show employees what is expected and encourage them to meet those expectations. Performance management process is a systematic process that contains the flowing component: 1- Planning (Setting expectations) planning means setting performance expectations and goals for groups and individuals to achieve the company goals. Getting employees involved in the planning process will help them understand the goals of the organization, what needs to be done, why it needs to be done, and how well it should be done.Also this step measurable, understandable , and achievable. 2- Monitoring performance Monitoring well means continually measuring performance and providing ongoing feedback to employees and work groups on their progress toward reaching their goals. 3- Developing. Developing means improve the capacity to perform and this can be done by addressing the developmental needs of their employees by training and improve the irking process to become more effective and efficient. 4- Rating.Rating meant rating the employee against performance standard by summarize employee performance, this rating help the manger compare the performance over time or between the employee 5- Rewarding. Rewarding means rewarding good performance and this can be by day-to-day recognition (like say thank you) or it can yearly like cash and time off. It Lifelong, self-monitored process of career planning that involves choosing and setting personal goals, and formulating strategies for achieving them. Employer: The employer should build a career management pr ogram that's meet present and future needs of the company.Retirement Plans: How long I must be employed before you qualify to participate in retirement plans? Vacation and Paid Time Off How long is the yearly vacation? What is the standard time for the vacation? Disability Insurance: Does this company have disability insurance? Does the company have stock options? My benefit package that I will negotiate is: Medical insurance from the first degree, and it should include my family and my parents. Dental Insurance A bonus at the end of the year that does include at least two months' salary. 30-day yearly paid vacation.

Some People Believe That If Children’s Leisure Activities Are Not Educational

How children should utilize their leisure time is an issue which is discussed these days among people,some believe that the activities should be educational while others support giving children freedom to choose. Some teachers and parents have strong opinions about educational activities in childhood. They urge their children to keep studying or get engaged in educational activities. Since childhood is the best time for learning they regard it as golden days for learning.Recent surveys among children between age of 3-8 has shown that those who had educational programs in their free time were more successful in next levels of studying. though it may be hard for children at first ,it makes them to find a way for revealing their hidden talents. Children may not be aware of the result at first but as time goes by they will find it most useful method for finding their way of interest according to Doctor Bahrami's speech in Tehran university.On the contrary,some others encourage their chil dren to play more and enjoy their moments with their friends or toys around them. By their allowance children by themselves have liberty to choose activities of their interest in leisure time. Children have an opportunity to participate in group works and communicate with their same age children. Group activities even playing with same age children put them in a smallest society groups which can lead them to act better in future roles.In myy point of view, letting children to enjoy their childhood by their parents support is the best way to treat these god given beauties. Childhood is the sweetest part of life any one can experience. Creative minds grow while there is no obligation or pressure from an outer person. when children have time to draw paint or make things their talents would appear in their own way of interest. According to psychologist most of creative minds have free childhood without any obligation from their parents side.In this period(childhood)children have time to play,run and do some sports that will help them to keep fit mentally and physically. Running jumping playing keeps their body fresh and healthy and also keeps their body fit. Studies through recent years shows the increasing rate of obesity among children which is caused by modern life. Think about the way u wanted to spend your childhood. Nobody wanted to have childhood with so many educational extracurricular activities. Give your children chance to get rid of this logical acts we suppose them to do.

Preferred language style Essay

Conduct a debate on: Most job candidates are concerned with baseline pay. Incentives and benefits do very little to persuade a candidate to accept an organization’s employment offer if baseline compensation is slightly below the candidate’s expectations. Incentives and other benefits are frequently given lesser importance by the candidates who want to join a new job. There are several reasons for this:- 1. Many of the employees do not give enough of importance to benefits and incentives that are not financial. They usually focus on improving their pay packages rather than their non-pay benefits. 2. Many candidates may not be sure whether they would be able to earn the incentives and other benefits provided. They would feel that such packages are merely eyewashes so that the job appears attractive and are able to take it up. 3. People often evaluate growth rate and the development rate in terms of monetary funds than by determining the incentives and other benefits. 4. Baseline pay is given greater importance to fairness by the employees than the incentives. 5. The external competitiveness is greater when the employees are being paid a higher baseline salary compared to incentives. 6. When the candidate comes for the interview for the job, he/she may consider to job duties to be tough. In such a circumstance, he/she would be considering earning the incentives very difficult, and hence would be looking at increasing their baseline salary. 7. People would more easily settle down for a job that offers more security (one that gives higher monetary funds) compared to those that are insecure and offer incentives. 8. Some employees may consider incentives as a form of encouragement for doing extra work. Many employees may even feel that incentives may prompt them to work beyond working areas, which may be not liked. References: Frederiskon, L. W. (1983). â€Å"Contents. † Journal of Organizational Behavior Management. http://www. haworthpress. com/store/Toc_views. asp? TOCName=J075v05n01_TOC&desc=Volume%3A%205%20Issue%3A%201 HRMC (2007). Baseline Pay, Retrieved on June 12, 2007, from My Own Private Radio Web site: http://www. citehr. com/baseline-pay-vt1462. html My Own Private Radio (2006). On employee compensation – note #3, Democracy in Action, Retrieved on June 12, 2007, from My Own Private Radio Web site: http://myownpirateradio. com/2006/02/13/on-employee-compensation-%E2%80%93-note-3-democracy-in-action/

Managing Transitions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Managing Transitions - Essay Example Therefore, if change is inevitable, the question the author brings up is how to manage the transition so that the change occurs smoothly. The change, according to the author, is an event, an inescapable event. Company CEO's eventually age and retire. Or an entire industry, such as the automotive industry in the US, is adversely affected by costs spiraling out of control over a long period of time, which results in a financial crisis for the entire industry. No longer is business a usual possible. The question addressed by the author is this - when these events confront the business, what is the process of change which will allow the business or organization to transition smoothly through the change, and become stronger as a result. The marketplace is littered with examples of companies which did not succeed in answering this question. They did not succeed, according to the author, because the change process is a cultural, and psychological - social process, and not simply an event. For example, when a new CEO takes the reigns of a company, he of she does so with new ideas, and the desire to expand the business to new markets and new customers. By definition, this means that the company must change; they must transition out of an existing psycho-social culture and take on a new one which is representative of the new leader. This is a process that often takes years. The company that understands this, and manages the transition well, remaining productive with existing business while creating new opportunities is the company which succeeds. The company which allows the transition to consume valuable resources which are needed to 'feed' the existing business often winds up 'starving' its current clients, or pushing its people past the point of effectively. The results are declining productivity, profits, and can result in the total implosion of a business. The author uses the three step model for managing change which has been identified since 1935. First called the "unfreeze, change, refreeze' model by Kurt Lewin. Lewin used the example of changing the shape of an ice cube as an illustration of changing the social culture of an organization. Simply chipping away at the ice cube does not change its shape; it reduces the ice cube to shavings. Energy must be put into the social system, held in a 'frozen' state by the existing market, cultural and social forces in order to bring the system to a pliable state where transition is possible. Next the entire process of transition must be managed. The process often requires new control systems, new training or existing staff as well as new staff. Managing the process often can require bringing in an outside consultant, a new player who is put in a position of non-biased authority to assist all stakeholders to make adjustments to a changing social order. When the process of change has transacted, and the new culture is emerging, a final surge of energy is required by the system in order to 'refreeze the system in its new state, and prevent old habits and old culture from reemerging in the newly transitioned organization. William Bridges described this three step process as follows. He calls the unfreeze process as the 'ending, loosing, or letting go' phase. One could call this a death phase, as old habits and methods must be terminated, and left behind. However, this death is the